Margin Calculator
Profit Margin Calculator
Calculate the profit margin of making, trading products, or doing business in general. Please provide any two of the following to calculate the rest values.
Stock Trading Margin Calculator
Calculate the required amount or maintenance margin needed for investors to make securities purchase on margin.
Currency Exchange Margin Calculator
Calculate the minimum amount to maintain in the margin account to make currency trading.
The word "margin" has many different definitions within different contexts, such as referring to the edge or border of something or the amount by which an item falls short or surpasses another item. Financially, margin can refer to several specific things. The first is that it can be the difference between a product or service's selling price and its cost of production (what is used by the first calculation), or it can be the ratio between a company's revenues and expenses. It can also refer to the amount of equity contributed by an investor as a percentage of the current market value of securities held in a margin account (related to the second and third calculation), or the portion of the interest rate on an adjustable-rate mortgage added to the adjustment-index rate.
Profit Margin
Profit margin is the amount by which revenue from sales exceeds costs in a business, usually expressed as a percentage. It can also be calculated as net income divided by revenue or net profit divided by sales. For instance, a 30% profit margin means there is $30 of net income for every $100 of revenue. Generally, the higher the profit margin, the better, and the only way to improve it is by decreasing costs and/or increasing sales revenue. For many businesses, this means either increasing the price of products or services or reducing the cost of goods sold.
Profit margin can be useful in several ways. For starters, it is commonly used as a way to gauge the financial health of a business. For instance, a year that is off track with respect to typical profit margins in past years can be an indication of something wrong, such as the mismanagement of expenses relative to net sales. Secondly, the profit margin is a measure of efficiency, as it helps answer the question: how much profit is received for each dollar earned as revenue?
Profit margin can also be compared to the performance of competing companies in order to determine relative performance as made transparent by industry standards. It is important that the companies being compared are fairly similar in terms of size and industry. For example, comparing the profit margins of a small family restaurant to that of a Fortune 500 chemical company would not yield particularly relevant results because of the differences in industry and scale.
Margin Trading
Margin trading is the practice of using borrowed funds from brokers to trade financial assets; this essentially means investing with borrowed money. Usually, there is collateral involved, such as stocks or other financial assets of value.
Buying stocks using borrowed money is known as "trading on margin." Margin trading tends to amplify gains and/or losses; for instance, when the price of assets in an account rises, trading on margin allows investors to use leverage to increase their gains. However, when the prices of these assets fall, the loss in value is much greater than the regular trading of assets. Regardless, federal regulations only allow investing borrowers to borrow up to 50% of the total cost of any purchase as the initial margin requirement. Afterward, Federal Reserve Regulation T requires maintenance margin requirements of at least 25%, though brokerage firms generally require more. Keep in mind that initial margin requirements are different from maintenance margin requirements.
This form of margin investing is highly risky, and investors (borrowers) should familiarize themselves with the risks first.
Currency Exchange Margin
In the context of currency exchange, margin can be thought of as a good faith deposit required to maintain open positions, similar to a security deposit that is required for renting. However, it is not a fee but a portion of account equity that is allocated as a margin deposit.
A margin requirement is the leverage offered by a broker, and is usually updated at least once a month to account for market volatility or currency exchange rates. A 2% margin requirement is the equivalent of offering a 50:1 leverage, which allows an investor to trade with $10,000 in the market by setting aside only $200 as a security deposit. As another example, a 1% margin requirement is referred to as a 100:1 leverage, and allows $10,000 to be traded in the market with a $100 security deposit. In the foreign exchange market, traders tend to trade with leverages of 50:1, 100:1, or 200:1, depending on broker and regulations.
Margin Call
If the market moves against a trader, resulting in losses such that there is an insufficient amount of margin, an automatic margin call will apply. This usually happens because there is no more money in the account to withstand the loss in value of equities, and the broker starts to become responsible for losses. In this scenario, unless the account holder deposits funds to bring the account back up to the minimum maintenance required, the broker closes all of the account holder's positions in the market and places limits on the losses for the account holder in order to stop the account from turning into a negative balance.